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Data from ATF Federal Firearms Licensee database · 60,000+ dealers
Federal law (18 U.S.C. § 922) requires all commercial firearm sales and interstate transfers to go through a licensed Federal Firearms Licensee. When you purchase a firearm online, the seller ships to an FFL in your state. The dealer runs your NICS background check, completes ATF Form 4473, and releases the gun to you after approval — typically within minutes, though some states impose additional waiting periods.
The ATF issues 11 FFL license types. Type 01 (Dealer) is the most common — these are your standard gun shops. Type 07 (Manufacturer) dealers can also transfer. Class III / SOT dealers hold Special Occupational Taxpayer status on top of their FFL, authorizing them to transfer NFA items: suppressors, short-barreled rifles, machine guns, and destructive devices. Confirm NFA capability before shipping any NFA item.
Bring a valid, government-issued photo ID (driver's license or passport). You'll complete ATF Form 4473, which the dealer submits for a NICS background check. The check typically takes minutes; a 'proceed' result means you can take the gun. A 'delay' gives the FBI up to 3 business days to complete the check. Transfer fees range from $15 to $75 depending on the dealer — always confirm the fee before having a gun shipped.
FFL data sourced from the ATF Federal Firearms Licensee database. For state-specific carry and purchase laws, visit the State Hub. Track NFA suppressor and SBR wait times on the NFA Tracker.
